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FEDERAL CONTRACTS PERSPECTIVE
Federal Acquisition Developments, Guidance, and Opinions
August 2006
Vol. VII, No. 8
CONTENTS
FAC 2005-11 Addresses Emergency Authorities, Earned Value Management
Dun & Bradstreet to Validate CCR Name and Address Info
OMB Provides On-Line Assistance to Small Businesses
Boeing to Pay $615 Million for Hiring Darleen Druyun
DFARS Coverage on Required Sources of Supply Updated
Size Standard for Security Guards Increased
FAR Coverage Proposed for Contractors Outside U.S.
Prompt Payment Interest Rate Set at 5 3/4%
New FAR Part Consolidates Emergency Authorities;
Earned Value Management Coverage Added
Federal Acquisition Circular (FAC) 2005-11 consists of two rules -- one adds Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Part 18, Emergency Acquisitions, to provide a single reference to acquisition flexibilities that may be used to acquire supplies and services quickly during emergency situations; and the other adds FAR Subpart 34.2, Earned Value Management System, to implement policy and help standardize the use of earned value management systems across the government.
- Emergency Acquisitions: After Hurricanes Katrina and Rita devastated the Gulf Coast, the response by the government, particularly the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), made clear that the emergency contracting procedures were not well understood and were scattered throughout the FAR. Therefore, new FAR Part 18 is added by this interim rule to provide cross-references to all the procedures that are available to expedite responses during an emergency.
FAR Part 18 does not add any new emergency procedures, but rather tells contracting officers where the existing emergency procedures are -- for example, FAR 18.104, Unusual and Compelling Urgency, states, "Agencies may limit the number of sources and full and open competition need not be provided for contracting actions involving urgent requirements (see [FAR] 6.302-2)."
The FAR Part 18 "flexibilities" are divided into two main groups: Subpart 18.1, Available Acquisition Flexibilities, which may be used anytime and do not require an emergency declaration (such as FAR 18.104); and Subpart 18.2, Emergency Acquisition Flexibilities, which may be used only after an emergency declaration or designation has been made by the appropriate official. This group is further divided into three subgroups: FAR 18.201, Contingency Operation; FAR 18.202, Defense or Recovery from Certain Attacks [that is, nuclear, biological, chemical, or radiological attacks]; and FAR 18.203, Incidents of National Significance, Emergency Declaration, or Major Disaster Declarations. These address such flexibilities as: (1) increases in the micro-purchase, simplified acquisition, and other thresholds; (2) use of commercial procedures for any acquisition of supplies or services; (3) preference for local firms and individuals for major disaster or emergency assistance activities; and (4) waiver of the Cargo Preference Act.
Comments on this interim rule must be submitted by September 5, 2006, by any of the following methods: (1) eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov/far; (2) http://www.acquisition.gov/comp/far/ProposedRules/comments.htm; (3) e-mail: farcase.2005-038@gsa.gov; (4) fax: 202-501-4067; or (5) mail: General Services Administration, Regulatory Secretariat (VIR), 1800 F Street, NW, Room 4035, ATTN: Laurieann Duarte, Washington, DC 20405. The FAR Council is particularly interested whether the provisions sufficiently clarify the existing FAR flexibilities that can be used in emergency situations or whether more detailed, comprehensive coverage is needed.
- Earned Value Management System (EVMS): This final rule adds FAR Subpart 34.2 and associated provisions and clause to implement EVMS policy in accordance with Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-11, Preparation, Submission and Execution of the Budget, particularly the Capital Planning Guide, which is the supplement to Part 7.
EVMS is a project management tool in which cost, performance, and schedule goals are established for performance of significant programs, then the contractor's progress is measured in relation to those goals. Negative variances can be identified quickly, and corrective action taken. OMB Circular A-11 requires the application of an EVMS that complies with American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/Electronics Industries Alliance (EIA) Standard-748, Earned Value Management Systems, on those parts of the acquisition where developmental effort is required, including prototypes and tests to select the most cost effective alternative during the planning and acquisition phases, and any developmental, modification, or upgrade efforts performed during the operational/steady state phase. (EDITOR'S NOTE: ANSI/EIA Standard-748 is available from Global Engineering Documents (1-800-854-7179). Information on earned value management systems is available at http://www.acq.osd.mil/pm.)
The rule requires that an "integrated baseline review" (IBR) be conducted whenever an EVMS is required. An IBR is "a joint assessment by the offeror or contractor, and the government, of the (1) ability of the project's technical plan to achieve the objectives of the scope of work; (2) adequacy of the time allocated for performing the defined tasks to successfully achieve the project schedule objectives; (3) ability of the Performance Measurement Baseline (PMB) to successfully execute the project and attain cost objectives, recognizing the relationship between budget resources, funding, schedule, and scope of work; (4) availability of personnel, facilities, and equipment when required, to perform the defined tasks needed to execute the program successfully; and (5) the degree to which the management process provides effective and integrated technical/schedule/cost planning and baseline control" (paragraph (c) of FAR 34.202, Integrated Baseline Reviews).
IBRs may be conducted pre- or post-award (provisions FAR 52.234-2, Notice of Earned Value Management System -- Pre-Award IBR, and FAR 52.234-3, Notice of Earned Value Management System -- Post Award IBR, and clause FAR 52.234-4, Earned Value Management System). Because the conduct of IBRs is costly to offerors, it is expected that agencies wanting to conduct pre-award IBRs "will pay for them, for example as separately funded cost-reimbursement contracts...We also expect the agencies to reduce the number of proposals in the competitive range to avoid unnecessarily imposing costs on more than a few offerors" (introduction to rule).
Small businesses are not exempt from EVMS: "To alleviate the possible burden on small businesses that do not have an EVMS...offerors shall not be eliminated from consideration for contract award because they do not have an operational EVM system, provided they submit an EVMS implementation plan with their proposal" (see paragraph (b) of FAR 34.201, Policy).
While the application of EVMS will be left to the individual agencies, the introduction to the rule states that it is anticipated that "EVMS will be required mainly for development contracts above $20 million" (introduction to rule).
A proposed rule was published in April 2005 (see the May 2005 Federal Contracts Perspective article "FAR Implementation of Earned Value Proposed"). Twenty-five respondents submitted 109 comments, and the final rule differs from the proposed rule in that it requires that EVMS be addressed in acquisition plans, and that EVMS be applied to subcontractors using the same rules as applied to the prime contractor. Also, several editorial revisions were made for clarity in the final rule.
Dun & Bradstreet to Validate CCR Name and Address Info
Beginning the end of July, the Central Contractor Register (CCR) will obtain the following data fields from Dun & Bradstreet (D&B): legal business name, doing business as name (DBA), physical address, and zip code. Registrants will not be able to enter or modify these fields in CCR -- they will be pre-populated using D&B DUNS record data. (EDITOR'S NOTE: The CCR (http://www.ccr.gov) is the primary vendor database for the federal government. CCR collects, validates, stores, and disseminates data in support of agency acquisition missions -- see FAR Subpart 4.11.)
During new registration or when updating a record, the registrant will have a choice to accept or reject the data provided by D&B. If the registrant agrees with the D&B data, it will be accepted into the CCR registrant record. If the registrant disagrees with the D&B data, the registrant will need to go to the D&B website
http://fedgov.dnb.com/webform to modify the data contained in the D&B database before proceeding. When D&B confirms the modification has been made, the registrant must revisit CCR and "accept" D&B's changes. Only at that point will the D&B data be accepted into the CCR. It may take up to two business days for D&B to send the modified data to CCR.
Vendors having difficulty using the D&B website should contact the D&B Government Help Desk by e-mail at govt@dnb.com. Frequently Asked Questions can be found at http://www.ccr.gov/newsdetail.asp?id=55&type=N.
OMB Provides On-Line Assistance to Small Businesses
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has announced the availability of an on-line one-stop resource to help small businesses better understand federal requirements relating to regulations, taxes, and other paperwork, and to provide a point of contact at each agency for specific questions. The website is called "Compliance Assistance," and it is available at http://www.business.gov/sbpra.
OMB compiles an annual list of compliance assistance resources available to small businesses, and federal agencies are required to designate an appropriate point of contact for small business paperwork issues. OMB has integrated both lists and made them available on the Internet.
Boeing to Pay $615 Million for Hiring Darleen Druyun
The Boeing Company has agreed with the Department of Justice (DOJ) to pay a record $615 million settlement to resolve criminal and civil allegations that the company improperly used competitors' information to procure contracts for launch services worth billions of dollars from the Air Force and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Boeing agreed to pay $565 million civil settlement and $50 million monetary penalty to resolve the government's investigations and claims relating to its hiring of Darleen Druyun, the former Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition and Management, and the handling of competitors' information in connection with the Air Force's Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program and certain NASA launch services contracts.
The government's investigation focused on Boeing's relationship with Druyun who, as the Air Force's top career procurement officer before retiring in 2002, wielded influence over contract awards worth billions of dollars. In 2000, at Druyun's request, Boeing hired Druyun's daughter and future son-in-law. Then following her retirement in 2002, Boeing recruited Druyun for an executive position. During the 2000-2002 period, Druyun was responsible for dozens of Boeing contracts, as well as for the controversial $23 billion procurement to lease a fleet of KC-767 aerial refueling tankers that has since been canceled.
Druyun and the Boeing employee who recruited her, former chief financial officer Michael Sears, have pleaded guilty to violations of the conflict of interest statutes. Druyun admitted that Boeing's favors in hiring her children and in offering her a position influenced her contracting decisions. Druyun was sentenced to nine months in prison, and has served her sentence.
Also, the government's investigation focused on the EELV program, which the Air Force sought to usher in a new generation of space launch vehicles to serve the government's critical satellite needs through 2020. The Air Force's strategy called for two sources to reduce the risk of failure and cost through competition. Those sources ended up being Boeing and Lockheed, with Boeing's low pricing leading the Air Force to award Boeing 19 of the original 28 launch services contracts awarded in October 1998. However, prior to this award, Boeing obtained more than 22,000 pages of documents from Lockheed Martin, some of which contained confidential competition-sensitive or other proprietary information that related to Lockheed's EELV program. Some of this information was used to unfairly assist Boeing in the EELV competition. When the Air Force discovered this, it sought to "right the wrong" by re-balancing the contracts, at great expense. Boeing's conduct resulted in a 20-month suspension of three of its business units from government contracting.
NASA also had launch services contracts with Boeing and Lockheed that required the contractors to compete for missions. Boeing's possession and use of Lockheed's proprietary information, including additional documents obtained through different channels than the EELV documents, plus the unfair advantage the company had gained in the EELV, enabled Boeing to persuade NASA to award 19 missions, known as the "19 Pack," on a sole source basis. The lack of competition, plus Boeing's false claims for certain costs, resulted in Boeing charging NASA much more for the 19 Pack than NASA should have paid.
Boeing has accepted responsibility for the conduct of its employees in these matters. It has agreed to continue its cooperation with federal investigators and to maintain an effective ethics and compliance program, with particular attention to the hiring of former government officials and the handling of competitor information. The DOJ may seek to prosecute Boeing for charges relating to Druyun's conduct, or to assess a further penalty of up to $10 million, if during the two year term of the criminal agreement, an executive management employee of Boeing commits federal crimes and the company fails to report the misconduct to the DOJ.
DFARS Coverage on Required Sources of Supply Updated
The Department of Defense (DOD) has amended the Defense FAR Supplement (DFARS) to remove unnecessary, duplicative, and obsolete language from DFARS Part 208, Required Sources of Supplies and Services. In addition, DOD has revised the DFARS to address contract types, information technology, contract goals for small disadvantaged businesses, and the secondary Arab Boycott of Israel.
- Required Sources of Supply: This final rule removes significant amounts of text from DFARS Part 208, and relocates some of that text to the "Procedures, Guidance, and Information" (PGI), which consists of all mandatory and non-mandatory internal DOD procedures, non-mandatory guidance, and supplemental information. (EDITOR'S NOTE: For more on the PGI, see the December 2004 Federal Contracts Perspective article "DFARS Transformation in Full Gear, 'Procedures, Guidance, and Information' Added." The PGI is available at http://www.acq.osd.mil/dpap/dars/pgi.)
The following are the changes made to DFARS Part 208:
- Informational text on General Services Administration Federal Supply Schedules in paragraph (a)(ii) of DFARS 208.002, Priorities for Use of Government Supply Sources, is deleted because it is unnecessary.
- DFARS 208.003, Use of Other Government Supply Sources, which includes text on the Defense National Stockpile and the acquisition of helium, is deleted because they are adequately addressed in FAR 8.003 and FAR Subpart 8.5, Acquisition of Helium.
- DFARS Subpart 208.72, Industrial Preparedness Production Planning, is deleted because there no longer is a DOD Industrial Preparedness Production Planning Program.
- The following are relocated to the PGI -- all that remains in the DFARS is a cross-reference to the PGI text:
- DFARS Subpart 208.7, Acquisition from the Blind and Other Severely Handicapped, which consists of DFARS 208.705, Procedures.
- Text on the acquisition of items under the DOD Coordinated Acquisition Program in DFARS 208.7002-1, Acquiring Department Responsibilities; DFARS 208.7002-2, Requiring Department Responsibilities; paragraph (b) of DFARS 208.7003-1, Assignments Under Integrated Material Management (IMM); and all of DFARS 208.7004, Procedures (DFARS 208.7004-1 through 208.7004-10). (Also, DFARS 253.208-1, DD Form 448, Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request; DFARS 253.208-2, DD Form 448-2, Acceptance of MIPR; and DFARS Appendix B, Coordinated Acquisition Assignments, are relocated to the
PGI.)
- Most of DFARS Subpart 208.71, Acquisition for National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
- Most of DFARS Subpart 208.73, Use of Government-Owned Precious Metals: definitions of "dual pricing evaluation procedure" and "precious metals indicator code (PMIC)" in DFARS 208.7301, Definitions; DFARS 208.7303, Procedures; and DFARS 208.7304, Refined Precious Metals.
- Most of DFARS Subpart 208.74, Enterprise Software Agreements: definitions of "golden disk" and "software product manager" in DFARS 208.7401, Definitions; and DFARS 208.7403, Acquisition Procedures.
One comment was submitted on the proposed rule, and a minor editorial correction was made to the final rule. For more on the proposed rule, see the January 2006 Federal Contracts Perspective article "DFARS Amendments Address Task Order Contracts."
- Types of Contracts: This final rule updates language in DFARS Part 216, Types of Contracts, on the selection and use of different contract types. The rule removes significant amounts of text from DFARS Part 216, Types of Contracts, and relocates some of that text to the PGI. The following are the changes made to DFARS Part 216:
- DFARS 216.203, Fixed-Price Contracts with Economic Price Adjustment, is streamlined by deleting most of DFARS 216.203-4, Contract Clauses, and replacing it with a cross-reference to the FAR economic price adjustment clauses. It also removes paragraph (d), which addresses economic price adjustment clauses based on cost indexes of labor or material, and relocates it to the PGI.
- Paragraph (c)(ii)(A) of DFARS 216.306, Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee Contracts, which addresses contracts for environmental restoration, is deleted.
- DFARS 216.403, Fixed-Price Incentive Contracts, and DFARS 216.404, Fixed-Price Contracts with Award Fees, are deleted.
- The following are relocated to the PGI -- all that remains in the DFARS is a cross-reference to the PGI text:
- DFARS 216.104-70, Research and Development
- DFARS 216.402-2, Technical Performance Incentives
- DFARS 216.403-2, Fixed-Price Incentive (Successive Targets) Contracts
- DFARS 216.405-1, Cost-Plus-Incentive-Fee Contracts
- DFARS 216.405-2, Cost-Plus-Award-Fee Contracts
- DFARS 216.470, Other Applications of Award Fees
- Most of DFARS 216.703, Basic Ordering Agreements. However, paragraph (c), Limitations, is retained, but the standard maximum ordering period is increased from three years to five years. Consequently, the portion of the paragraph permitting the contracting officer to extend the ordering period for two years is deleted.
No comments were submitted on the proposed rule, so it is finalized without changes. For more on the proposed rule, see the October 2005 Federal Contracts Perspective article "RFID Requirements Included in DFARS."
- Exchange or Sale of Government-Owned Information Technology: This final rule deletes DFARS Subpart 239.70, Exchange or Sale of Information Technology (IT), because it is obsolete. In its place is a cross-reference to DOD 4140.1-R, DOD Supply Chain Materiel Management Regulation.
No comments were submitted on the proposed rule, so it is finalized without changes. For more on the proposed rule, see the October 2005 Federal Contracts Perspective article "RFID Requirements Included in DFARS."
- Acquisition of Information Technology: This final rule updates DFARS Part 239, Acquisition of Information Technology, as follows:
- DFARS 239.7202, [Federal Information Processing Standards] Waivers, is deleted.
- DFARS 239.7403, Regulatory Bodies, is deleted.
- DFARS 239.7404, Foreign Carriers, is removed and relocated to the PGI.
- Paragraph (c) of DFARS 239.7406, Cost or Pricing Data and Information Other Than Cost or Pricing Data, which addresses when a contracting officer should obtain cost or pricing data for telecommunications services, is removed and relocated to the PGI.
- Paragraph (a) of DFARS 239.7408-2, Applicability of Construction Labor Standards for Special Construction [Related to Telecommunications Services], is clarified by adding "alteration, or repair" to the sentence "However, if the special construction includes construction, alteration, or repair (as defined in FAR 22.401 [definitions used in FAR Subpart 22.4, Labor Standards for Contracts Involving Construction]) of a public building or public work, the construction labor standards may apply."
No comments were submitted on the proposed rule, so it is finalized with one additional cross-reference to the PGI. For more on the proposed rule, see the October 2005 Federal Contracts Perspective article "RFID Requirements Included in DFARS."
- Extension of Contract Goal for Small Disadvantaged Businesses and Certain Institutions of Higher Learning: This final rule amends DFARS 219.000, Scope of Part, to implement Section 842 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006 (Public Law 109-163), which extended DOD's 5% goal for contract and subcontract dollars to small disadvantaged businesses, historically black colleges and universities, and minority institutions, through fiscal year 2009.
- Secondary Arab Boycott of Israel: Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-09 removed FAR Subpart 25.6, Trade Sanctions, which addressed sanctions against the European Union, because the U.S. Trade Representative terminated the sanctions. This final rule deletes the corresponding DFARS Subpart 225.6. However, DFARS Subpart 225.6 addressed DOD statutory restrictions relating to the Secondary Arab Boycott of Israel, so the text is relocated to new DFARS Subpart 225.76, Secondary Arab Boycott of Israel, with no substantive change in content.
Finally, the Undersecretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics) has extended for another year, until July 26, 2007, the waiver of the limitation on procurement of the following products from the United Kingdom (UK): air circuit breakers; welded shipboard anchor and mooring chain with a diameter of four inches or less; gyrocompasses; electronic navigation chart systems; steering controls; pumps; propulsion and machinery control systems; totally enclosed lifeboats; and ball and roller bearings.
The Under Secretary of Defense granted this waiver because the UK does not discriminate against defense items produced in the United States to a greater degree than the United States discriminates against defense items produced in the UK.
Size Standard for Security Guards Increased
SBA is increasing the size standard for the Security Guards and Patrol Services (North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 561612) from $11.5 million in average annual receipts to $17 million. In November 2005, SBA proposed a 47.6% increase to the small business size standard for Security Guards and Patrol Services, from $10.5 million to $15.5 million (see the December 2005 Federal Contracts Perspective article "Proposed Increase in Size Standard for Security Guards"). SBA later issued an interim final rule in December 2005, that increased all receipts-based small business size standards to account for inflation that had occurred since its last increase for inflation. That interim final rule increased the Security Guards and Patrol Services size standard from $10.5 million to $11.5 million (see the January 2006 Federal Contracts Perspective article "SBA Increases Small Business Size Standards for Service Industries by 8.7% to Adjust for Inflation"). This final rule applies the same 47.6% increase to the revised $11.5 million size standard, producing a new size standard of $17 million.
FAR Coverage Proposed for Contractors Outside U.S.
The FAR Council has proposed to add FAR Subpart 25.3, Contractors Outside the United States, and FAR clause 52.225-XX, Contractor Personnel in a Theater of Operations or at a Diplomatic or Consular Mission Outside the United States, to address the issues of contractor personnel that are providing support in the theater of operations or at a diplomatic or consular mission outside the United States, but are not covered by DFARS 252.225-7040, Contractor Personnel Authorized to Accompany the U.S. Armed Forces (see the July 2006 Federal Contracts Perspective article "New DFARS Rule on Contractors Accompanying Troops").
FAR Subpart 25.3 would apply to contracts requiring contractor personnel to perform outside the United States (1) in a theater of operations during contingency operations, humanitarian or peacekeeping operations, other military operations, or military exercises designated by the combatant commander; or (2) at a diplomatic or consular mission.
FAR 52.225-XX would addresse such issues as responsibility for logistical and security support, compliance with laws and regulations, preliminary personnel requirements, processing and departure points, personnel data lists, removal of contractor personnel, authorization of weapons and ammunition, vehicle or equipment licenses, wearing of military clothing and protective equipment, evacuation, personnel recovery, notification and return of personal effects, mortuary affairs, changes in place of performance or government-furnished facilities, equipment, material, services, or site, and flowdown of the clause to subcontracts.
Comments on this proposed rule must be submitted by September 18, 2006, by any of the following methods: (1) eRulemaking Portal: http://www.acquisition.gov/far; (2) http://acquisition.gov/far/ProposedRules/proposed.htm; (3) e-mail: farcase.2005-011@gsa.gov; (4) fax: 202-501-4067; or (5) mail: General Services Administration, Regulatory Secretariat (VIR), 1800 F Street, NW, Room 4035, ATTN: Laurieann Duarte, Washington, DC 20405.
Prompt Payment Interest Rate Set at 5 3/4%
The Treasury Department has established 5 3/4% (5.75%) as the interest rate for the computation of payments made between July 1 and December 31, 2006, under the Prompt Payment Act and the Contracts Disputes Act. This rate is also used in facilities capital cost of money calculations. The interest rate for the prior six-month period (January 1, 2006, through June 30, 2006), was 5 1/8% (5.125%). The interest rate for July 1, 2005, through December 31, 2005, was 4 1/2% (4.5%).
FAR Subpart 32.9, Prompt Payment; FAR Subpart 33.2, Disputes and Appeals; FAR 31.205-10, Cost of Money; and Cost Accounting Standard (CAS) 9904.414, Cost of Money as an Element of the Cost of Facilities Capital, are affected by this interest rate.
Copyright 2006 by Panoptic Enterprises. All Rights Reserved.
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